●   Wang X,Maegawa T,Karasawa T,Ozaki E,Nakamura S (2005). Clostridium sardiniense Prévot 1938 and Clostridium absonum Nakamura et al. 1973 are heterotypic synonyms: evidence from phylogenetic analyses of phospholipase C and 16S rRNA sequences, and DNA relatedness. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55, 1193-7.
●   Prévot AR (1938). Études de systématique bactérienne. IV. Critique de la conception actuelle du genre Clostridium. Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) 61, 72–91.
●   Cato EP,George WL,Finegold SM (1986). Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,Edition: 1, pp. 1141-1200. Edited by Sneath PHA,Mair NS,Sharpe ME,Holt JG. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co..
●   Nakamura S,Shimamura T,Hayase M,Nishida S (1973). Numerical taxonomy of saccharolytic clostridia, particularly Clostridium perfringens-like strains: descriptions of Clostridium absobnum sp. n. and Clostridium paraperfringens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 23, 419-429.